An Argument For Gay Marriage Essay -- Persuasive Essays, Argumentativ

   The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. Yet, same-sex marriage continues to be a highly debated issue that leaves our society searching for answers. As a child, I was brought up in a Christian home, where Christian ethics and values were instilled in me. I was always taught that you should obey your parents and God, that you should not lie, cheat, or steal, and that God was always watching you; I was also taught that homosexuality was wrong. As the years have passed, I have been confronted with the issue of homosexuality many times firsthand, and I believe that though homosexuals are not terrible people because of their sexual orientation, their lifestyle is still wrong. In recent years, the topic of homosexuality and gay and lesbian marriages has also become prominent in American politics. The question of whether these marriages, also sometimes referred to as "civil unions," should be legalized has become a pressing issue, and one that has only begun to test the limits and limitations of the US Constitution. The notion that such a thing as sodomy could ever be legalized is causing civil distress and has become quite a point of contention for countless Americans. For, on the one hand, many argue that allowing such marriages would corrupt the morals and society of the United States, yet others respond that Americans should all have the equal opportunity to lead happy and fulfilled lives. In the end, I have concluded that while it counteracts my religious beliefs, there must be some allowance made by the US government for same sex couples to gain recognition for their commitment to one another. I have found that the majority... ...he American government, it should logically follow that these couples would then be enabled to receive the same rights and responsibilities as their heterosexual counterparts in the eyes of the State. In summary, while I personally do not believe in the idea of gay marriages, I do not believe such "civil unions" can constitutionally be denied by the State. Heterosexuals are given every right to pursue happiness with their life partners, and so it does not appear that, from a legal standpoint, such a right can be denied to homosexual couples. Under the hospices of a "civil union," homosexuals would thus be able to publicly commit themselves to their life partners and accordingly be afforded the same privileges as those which their heterosexual counterparts enjoy. Homosexual unions should be legalized in the American system of government.

Critical Appreciation of Poetry Essay

William Wordsworth had a variety of concerns which he expressed in â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge. † He was a metaphysical poet and the theme he writes about in this poem is nature and its relationship to man. He has used a variety of poetic methods which have all helped to shape and enhance the poem such as rhyming couplets, simile, and personification. The main concerns he highlights in this poem are the destructive nature of man, the relationship of man and nature, and the negative impact of industrialization on nature. Wordsworth made use of similes as one of his poetic methods. In line four of the poem he writes: â€Å"This city doth like a garment wear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here he compares the city to a garment as according to him figuratively the city wears the beauty of the morning. He uses this poetic method to highlight the extent to which the city exudes beauty in the early hours of the morning while all is silent and the industrial excesses of the day have not yet begun. Wordsworth in presenting the beauty and tranquility of the morning could be highlighting the negativity that pervades when morning leaves because of man’s intervention. This is all too likely as the area that Wordsworth probes in this poem is the relationship of man and nature and he clearly highlights the negative aspects of this relationship. Wordsworth also utilizes rhyming couplets, in particular end rhymes. This is demonstrated in the following lines of the poem : â€Å"This city now doth like a garment The Beauty of the morning;silent, bare† and also in : â€Å"Ships, towers,domes, theatres and temples lie open unto the fields, and to the sky;† This has quite an interesting effect as rhythm is described as a poem’s â€Å"sound system† and through the poet’s crafty manipulation of the rhymes he is able to give the poem a particular rhythm which enhances its style, value and meaning and draws attention to what it projects. It is portrayed almost like a song and helps to create visual images like a painting and Wordsworth can be likened to a painter in this way. This is Wordsworth’s literary skill at work and this contributes to the reader’s understanding of his status in literature as one of the better if not the best metaphysical poets known to man. Wordsworth also employs the use of personification. He says: â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will : Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;† The reader cannot help noticing the way in which this poet personifies the river and houses describing them as if they are alive and well and capable of exhibiting human capabilities , that of gliding gracefully and of sleeping as if tired. All of this combined with the poet’s extensive use of nature imagery help to bring the subject Wordsworth writes about to life as well increasing its significance. One of Wordsworth’s main concerns in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† is the destructive nature of man. Wordsworth presents a vision of nature in the early hours of the morning when man has not yet begun to intervene. He presents its beauty and transcendent nature but he does not stop there. He opens with a line praising the beauty of nature: â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair:† but closes on a sad note: â€Å" And all that mighty is lying still! † His comment is that man’s nature is destructive and due to the effect of man on nature stillness and dullness has been the result. Smoke , dust and noise have become the grim characteristics of nature due to industrialization, and the only time a â€Å"smokeless air,† a beautiful atmosphere can be enjoyed is in the tranquility of the morning before industrialization continues. The negative impact of industrialization on nature is one of the poet’s concerns in the poem. In man’s lustful aggrandizing efforts to make progress through industrialization negative effects have been wrought on nature. There is the problem of noise and various types of pollution and this has been caused by industrialization. The picturesque beauty of nature Wordsworth describes can only be enjoyed in the morning. For the rest of the day smoke and noise predominates. This could be Wordsworth’s comment on the selfish and cruel nature of man in that through industrialization man chokes and suffocates nature in an attempt to suit his own ends. In Conclusion, the writer has a variety of concerns and poetic methods such as man’s destructive nature, simile and personification. All these concerns and poetic methods enhance the poem’s structure and meaning giving it its significance in the world of metaphysical poetry.

Parol Evidence Rule

INTRODUCTION * Parol evidence rule is rule of evidence which states that oral evidence is not regarded by the courts to contradict, vary, and add or reduce the term of contract that already finished by parties. The purpose is to make it certain. * The rationale of this rule is that when the parties take trouble to decrease to writing the agreed terms of their contractual agreements, it was thought that the written contract will contain all relevant matters, and other aspects that not included of the written contract agreements should not be taken into account. Parol evidence rule occurs when all contracts is in writing. Oral evidence cannot be accepted by the courts to contradict, vary, and add or reduce the term that already finished by the parties. * However, there are exceptions to parol evidence rule. BODY * 7 exception to the parol evidence rule: 1. Exception is that custom or trade usage were allowed by court and it is part of the contract although it is not included in express terms â€Å"to annex incidents to written contracts in matters with respect to which they are silent†.This applies in commercial transaction. Case: Hutton v Warren 2. Exception was about the delay operation contract made by an oral agreement to wait until an event occurs or known as condition precedent, where it was a condition that usually included in the contract to be fulfilled before the contract becomes operative. Case: Pym v Campbell 3. Exception was to confirm that the contract was not the whole contract. Case: Van den Esschert v Chappell 4.Exception was when the language of the written contract was ambiguous, that made the agreement looked incomplete of explanation Case: Rankin v Scott Fell & Co (1904) 5. Exception was when there was an obvious mistake in the contract, then the court may fix the contract in certain situations because the terms of the written contract may not actually stated what the parties have been resolved. Case: MacDonald v Shinko Australia Pty Ltd 6. Exception was applied when the identify of one party was unknown. Case: Giliberto v Kenny 7.Exception was Collateral Contract as known as subsidiary contract, which is separated from the main contract, used to avoid the Parol Evidence Rule and accepted the validity of oral promises that have been made during the negotiations that can add to or vary the terms in the original contract. Cases: De Lassalle v Guildford Hoyt’s Pty Ltd v Spencer J. J. Savage and Sons Pty Ltd v Blakney CONCLUSION * I agree with the statement that Australian court should not provide any solution for violation of any oral promises that were made during contract negotiations. * Parol evidence rule must be clear, fully integrated, and unambiguous.

Madness in Hamlet Essay

The theme of madness in Hamlet has been a widely popular topic in the discussion of the play by both critics and readers alike. Prince Hamlet, in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is not mad, in terms of sanity. However, he is very mad, in terms of anger, at many of the people that surround him. Hamlet is mainly mad at Gertrude her mother and, most of all Claudius. Although he is extremely angry with Claudius and his own whole situation of his father being murdered; his mother marrying his father’s murderer; and his lady friend not talking to him, Hamlet remains sane in order to carry out his plan of revenge. The madness that has appeared to grip Hamlet is an act played out by him. In order to accomplish that act of revenge on his uncle, Hamlet must have pretended to be mad so that the people of the court would not look upon him with suspicion. In this play the tragic hero Hamlets contemplates his own concept of moral judgment and in the process, maybe considered mad. Points that suggest that Hamlet is actually insane are scattered throughout the play but many of these are court’s impression of Hamlet. The impression of the court is a false impression because Hamlet has made the members of the court think that he is mad so that he may carry out his master plan. Hamlet is a slyer and more deceptive character than most critics give credit. All of the evidence that points to Hamlet being mad is just a cover for Hamlet in the grand scheme that he has placed together. Hamlet’s appearance of being â€Å" ungartered† (Act 2, Sc 1 . 77), as well as his strange words and phrases are just a disguise. He succeeds in his convincing of the people that he is mad because Polonius, as well as the rest of the court, speaks on his strange behavior. Hamlet’s plan could then be carried out if he was not seen as a threat to the crown. It is interesting to note other characters in the play acting mad. One is Leartes. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to â€Å"cut his throat† Act 4, Sc 7, 125). Laertes’ behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises â€Å"no wind of blame† (Act 4, Sc 7, 66), when Hamlet kills Hamlet. Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his father’s death, perhaps this is what Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia on the other hand, had a unique form of madness unlike Hamlet’s and Laertes’ because it is a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a â€Å"baker’s daughter† (Act 4, Sc. 5. 42). Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love with her madness is when she speaks about the vents on â€Å"valentine’s day (Act 4, Sc. 5. 48). When Ophelia speaks about Valentine’s Day, she is referring to the event of romance that she was denied. Ophelia’s madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. Hamlet immediately stresses that his madness is a mask put upon him by himself when he stated, â€Å"†¦. to put an antic disposition on† (Act 1, Sc. 5. 72). This means that Hamlet was going to put on an appearance of being mad. He admitted to himself that he was not mad by saying this and that he was only going to pretend to be mad. If Hamlet openly admits his true intentions to himself, we must trust that his actions are part of his plan. Although, many things lead us to believe that Hamlet was actually mad, he says his behavior is intentional, and there is no hard evidence to prove otherwise. We can look at his actions and assume that he is mad, but the only real proof of his sanity is his own statement. Hamlet directly tells the readers that he is only pretending to be crazy. Therefore, all the evidence that points to Hamlets as being crazy is unreliable, because his actions are pretended. Hamlet gives the audience the appearance that he is hesitant to kill Claudius for many reasons. These reasons include moral issues, religious issues, and depression; yet, Hamlet waits because he chooses to do so. Hamlet gives proof of his intention to wait when he says, â€Å"The time is out of joint; O cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right† (Act 1 Sc 5. 189-190). He is saying that the time to take revenge was not immediately after the murder. Hamlet, therefore, pretends to be mad, in order to maintain safety while he waits for the right time to strike. Although Hamlet manages to convince the court that he is unstable long enough so that he may avoid being killed while formulating his plan of revenge, Claudius becomes suspicious of his behavior. Even Claudius questions Hamlet’s supposed madness. Claudius states,† Was not like madness. There is something in his soul† (Act 3, Sc1. 172). This statement proves that someone besides Hamlet realizes that he is not actually mad, but rather, there is method to his mayhem. Near the end of the play, Hamlet, again, reveals his plan of disguise. This time, however, he reveals his plan to Gertrude when he says, â€Å"That I essentially am not in madness, but mad in craft† (Act 3. Sc4. 187-188). This repetition of his plan proves that Hamlet was truly not mad but just so precise and specific in planning every detail of his elaborate scheme that he seemed mad to the people in the court. He was so â€Å"Mad in craft† that he went to the extremes in executing his plan of revenge. Hamlet was so furious with Claudius, that he engulfed himself in his plan and carried it out right down to the words he spoke and every little action he did. In conclusion, Hamlet avoids allowing everyone know that he is planning hostile actions against Claudius. Even though Claudius and Polonius suspect that Hamlet knows the truth behind the murder of King Hamlet, Hamlet is able to disguise his intentions of revenge long enough so that he may wait for the right time to strike. The only proof that Hamlet is actually insane comes in the form of his actions and speech. Now, if Hamlet specifically says that his actions and speech is just a disguise, can they be used as evidence that he is unstable? Certainly not. Hamlet’s madness was an act; a disguise to draw attention away from his vengeful plan to murder Claudius for enough time to allow Hamlet to wait for the right time to strike. Hamlet must wait for the right time to act and plan his revenge, so, what better way to reduce his threat to Claudius than to make everyone believe that he had lost his mind.

Pharmacokinetics of the seroteninergic anorectic agent, Essay

Pharmacokinetics of the seroteninergic anorectic agent, dexfenfluramine - Essay Example Serotoninergic anorectic agent, dexfenfluramine acts to increase the serotonin level in extracellular space of the brain causing reduced appetite. This effect promotes its use in obesity treatments. Its ability to, dissolve in lipids provide easier transportation across blood brain barrier. Scientists developed dexfenfluramine, dextrorotary stereoisomer of fenfluramine to reduce the side effect of fenfluramine, developed in 1960s and marketed as pondimin. Approval of dexfenfluramine by FDA took place in 1976 but its introduction to market took place later in 1995 by Wyeth since fenfluramine had shown to cause hypertension in some people using it to fight obesity. Later withdrawal on September 15, 1997 from US market was due to side effect associated with heart problems. Dexfenfluramine is a synthetic anti-obesity chemical with molecular weight of 267.7, white crystalline powder, with high solubility saline solution, alcohol and chloroform. Dexfenfluramine has a solubility of 100nm in water. It also acts to decrease the growth hormones such as leptin and insulin but lead to increase in gherlin. Dexfenfluramine is more potent in inhibition of serotonin reuptake than active metabolite nordexfenfluramine. However, it is less potent in acceleration of serotonin release into the synaptic cleft. Administration of dexfenfluramine is mainly through oral, inhalation routes and lesser extent intravenous infusion in compound called dexfenfluramine hydrochloride (C12H16F3N,HCl)1. Oral administration of compound under the name of ‘redux’ was in capsules enclosing white crystalline powder weighing 15mg. The oral route is favoured due to resistance of dexfenfluramine to acidic media in the stomach. In addition, the hydrophobic nature of the drug is favours diffusion through the gastro intestinal walls. In some cases though rare,

What Causes Market Inefficiency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What Causes Market Inefficiency - Assignment Example The following situation may lead the market mechanism in not leading to the most efficient output and market will fail. These situations can be classified under the following head: The examples of externalities are, suppose that a person is suffering from a contagious disease. He considers that by going to a doctor, his costs will be the fees paid to doctor and benefits will be the cure of the disease. However, he will not take into account the fact that if he does not go to the doctor, other people might catch the same disease. This will result in less-urgency for him to go to the doctor. This shows how ignorance of negative externalities can lead to over production or irrational response. Now, let’s look at the example of negative externality in the context of a business or economic decision. Suppose you want to buy a car. The main consideration for the purchase will be the cost of the car and possible benefits attained from the car. However, market mechanism will ignore the impact of car purchase on the environment and other parties such as pollution, road congestion and accidents. This ignorance may tempt you into purchasing the good and hence there will be an over-production of good due to negative