Breastfeeding vs. Formula Research Paper free essay sample

Choosing whether to breastfeed or bottle feed is one of the first choices mothers have to make. The decision to breastfeed or formula feed a baby is a personal decision each and every family will have to make together. Many expecting mothers have to analyze the benefits of both before making a decision that will shape their lives as the baby grows and develops. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to either decision such as the ingredients, health benefits, convenience, and the cost. Breast milk is the milk produced by a female for her infant offspring. The baby nursing from its mother is the most common form of obtaining milk after the first few days, weeks and months after the baby is born. Breast milk can be supplied by a woman other than the babys mother (donor milk). Bottle feeding is another method of milk for the baby. It is used in replacement or addition to breast milk. We will write a custom essay sample on Breastfeeding vs. Formula Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bottle feeding is done through formula, which is manufactured food designed for feeding infants under 12 months of age. There are many different brands and types of formula to choose from as your baby grows older. Milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods, so breastfeeding or bottle feeding are both essential. Breast milk has a list of ingredients that goes on and on. Broken down, breast milk is made up of proteins, fats, vitamins, and carbohydrates. The milk contains two types of proteins, whey and casein. Approximately 60% of the milk is whey and 40% is casein, making this a perfect balance of proteins for the baby, making it a quick and easy digestion. The fats in breast milk are a primary calorie source that is needed for the babies’ brain, retina, and nervous system development. The vitamins in breast milk are based off of the mother’s vitamin intake. The vitamins A, D, E, and K are all significant to the infant’s health, which is why many doctors suggest nursing mothers to continue on prenatal vitamins for the sake of the baby. The primary carbohydrate in breast milk is lactose, it accounts for approximately 40% of the total calories provided to the infant through the milk. Lactose helps decrease the amount of bacteria in the stomach, which improves the intake of calcium and other vitamins, which helps fight disease. To put breast milk ingredients into words it contains a little more than 100 ingredients that the formula industry cannot make themselves. The health benefits coming from breast milk are never ending. Breast milk has the perfect combination of proteins, fats, vitamins, and carbohydrates. In addition to containing all the vitamins and nutrients a baby needs in the first six months, breast milk is full with disease-fighting substances that protect the baby from illness. Breast feeding can also protect a baby from developing allergies through secretory IgA (which is only found in breast milk). This immune factor helps prevent allergic reactions to food by providing a layer of protection to a babys intestinal tract. Without this protection, this can cause allergic reactions and health problems in the future. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, breastfeeding is a way to help reduce a childs risk of becoming overweight or obese as a teen or adult. Studies show that breastfeed babies have a regular eating schedule and it leads to healthier eating as an adult. Breast feeding has an amount of health benefits for the mothers as well. Mothers who breastfeed have lower stress levels and it can prevent certain types of cancer. The cost of breast feeding is little to none compared to other forms of milk. Breast feeding is free but that doesn’t mean there is no cost at all. Many mothers have to get nursing pads and bras and some even decide on a pump, which is optional but a very popular necessity to many breast feeding mothers. Breast pumps range from $20 to $200 dollars, depending on the brand and quality of the pump. The only other thing that breast feeding costs for a family with a newborn is time. Some mothers aren’t as fortunate as others and cannot breastfeed their baby due to health issues so formula is a manufactured ‘duplicate’ of a mother’s breast milk that can help these families out. Formula is made up of complex combination of proteins, sugars, fats, and vitamins just like the mother’s breast milk. Although companies try to compare it to breast milk, it is lacking a few things such as antibodies, which doesn’t provide the infant with protection against infections and illnesses. Even though many people would argue that the milk doesn’t match the complexity of a mother’s, some formula brands do a good job making it a replacement for infants that cannot be breast feed. Bottle feeding a baby offers a list of health benefits as well as breastfeeding. Unlike breast milk, formula contains vitamin D and vitamin B12, giving the baby an extra source of vitamins. In addition to the extra vitamins, bottle fed babies have unlimited amount of choices when it comes to their formula. So many different brands and a complex variety of ingredients are other advantages to the baby as well. If the baby is allergic to milk or soybeans, or maybe the baby is extremely sensitive, you can specialize the formula buy, satisfying the baby and the parents. The cost of formula and all of the supplies needed is pretty high when you break it down monthly. Depending on what type, what brand of formula is being bought, and the baby’s eating schedule, it can cost anywhere from $50 to $200 dollars a month to bottle feed a baby. Don’t forget that the bottles can cost anywhere from ten to twenty dollars. During the first year of life, the cost of basic formula can run about $1,500. All families choose different routes due to the ingredients, health benefits, and costs. Maybe there might be added factors as well, but it all depends on the families’ expectations and of course, the baby. Some mothers choose to breast milk for personal reasons and some mothers simply just decide to stick with formula, whichever choice they make as a parent is exclusively up to them. \

College Admission Essay Sample

College Admission Essay Sample College Admission Essay Example: Various aspects are tasked with motivating an individual in the process of attaining the most important goals in life. A simple shift in perception is likely to complicate or simplify the journey and thus individuals must reconsider their decisions. My life probably follows the same direction given certain circumstances that characterize my life in the past, present, and the probable future. Apart from values like determination, resilience, and focus, my life is entirely centered on the end product that is usually manifested in terms of success. It comes from a great deal of survival tactics that eventually serve to satisfy an appetite. Operating within such precincts is therefore an issue of significant importance in my life and acts as the basis of judgment and expectation. In other words, everything I have ever achieved is generally embodied in procedural attributes that habitually conjured up some form of experience. Previous encounters in my life probably place my merit in certain sections of the society depending on the authenticity and evident quality. Throughout my life I have always received considerable favor and acknowledgment from friends, teachers, parents, and other members of the society. It included leadership positions and being trusted with accountability in any given setting that I did feature. The aspect of favor, or generally featuring as the chosen one, has mostly been enhanced by the fact that I have intermingled with people from various societal, cultural, and racial backgrounds. However, that is not enough in building a character that is compatible with any atmosphere, since education plays a major role altogether. I give credit to education for shaping the route towards most of my achievements due to factors that are definitely evident. At this point, I certainly realize that in order to gain experience in whatever field one desires, the learning process must be taken into a ccount. Basically every activity that is met with the eye and subsequently habituated by the mind can be referred to as a learning process. In the process of exhibiting my inner abilities and passion, I managed to gain favor from my father when he entrusted me with taking care of his business. I have worked in my father’s store for as long as I can remember, and this certainly serves as the best indicator of the kind of person I am going to be in the future. I believe that all I need is additional education that will further improve on my abilities. Over the years I have realized that nothing works better than a learning process that is enhanced by practicality in any given field. Being able to manage my father’s store amidst considerable applause probably puts me in the best position to anticipate for any crucial goal I intend to achieve. Working at my father’s store therefore represents the best thing that ever happened to my personality in terms of creating essential habits that would easily put me in the desired position. Education and experience therefore serve as my partners in this journey and should not be disregarded whatsoever. Having originated from Asia, I believe that my prior encounters and experiences would definitely strengthen my struggle. Additionally, I would also be placed in the best position to help the institution, the immediate community and probably the two countries involved in my upkeep. The possibility of interacting with students from all walks of life will also be instrumental in sharpening my abilities as a result of what I would learn from them. Due to all the above named aspects, qualities, and values, I can easily visualize a destiny that is full of satisfaction and success. A chance to study at your institution will definitely boost my chances of succeeding in my future endeavors. This is due to the diversity that is evident at your institution and the experience that I carry with myself. I would be pleased to materialize my dreams at your institution.

Movie Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie Assignment - Essay Example This paper shall candidly and comprehensively elucidate on virtue ethics and the issues that surround it by considering its application and/or violation in the movie â€Å"Iron Man 2." One of the scenes that can adequately be used to describe virtue ethics in the movie â€Å"Iron Man 2† is Iron Man (Tony) and his Stark industries. As an industry that engages in the production of weapons for the American military, Business in this sector can be a persistent quandary for those involved. As the movie begins, Tony Mark has no doubts and strongly believes that the missiles that he creates protect and support American paramilitaries (Casey et al., 12). When Tony goes to Afghanistan to exhibit a newly created missile, a terrorist cell bombs his caravan. Tony looks at the grenade and sees the label â€Å"Stark Industries† before it explodes. After its explosion, Tony ends up interspersed with shrapnel and the terrorists easily apprehend him. Even after arrest, Tony does not face the anticipated sufferings. He is saved because the terrorist wanted Tony to create a similar missile for them. Eventually, Tony seepages and returns to his home country where he takes time to essentially reason about what his business does. Through his statements, Tony expresses embarrassment. â€Å"I never got to say good-bye to my father†¦.I would have asked him how he felt about what this company did if he was conflicted, if he ever had doubts† (Casey et al., 24). It had dawned on Tony that the terrorists acquired his weapons and were fully using them against the Americans; whom the weapons were meant to defend and safeguard. After this recognition, tony wonders what to do with the company; ethical dilemma skulks in. Despite the sheer fact that his company engages in other activities, weapon production was the main income generating activities. Tony attributes most of his

Samedaymay30 Part 2, DQ1AB and DQ2 KD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Samedaymay30 Part 2, DQ1AB and DQ2 KD - Essay Example In 2008 the U.S derivative market was estimated to be worth over $600 trillion (Sheridan, 2008). Information asymmetry is imperative for the derivative market to function properly. I have a friend that invested $5000 in the derivative market last year. He lost the majority of his money because he did not perform good research and because he took big chances that did not pay off. An option is a privilege sold by one party to another which offers the buyer the right to buy (call) or sell (put) a security at an agreed-upon price during the specified period or on a specified date (Teweles & Bradley & Teweles, 1992). I did not realize prior to doing research on this subject that the U.S derivative market is worth over $600 trillion. To become an investor in the derivative market with instruments such as options one must be an advance or institutionalized investor. I would not recommend a novice investor to invest money in options. People entering the stock market are better suited to invest in financial instruments such as mutual funds. I agree with you that volatile markets lead to volatile pricing. A real life example of that effect is what occurs with food prices when scarcity influences the market. â€Å"Volatility in and of itself is a measure of price movement over a given period of time† (Learn-stock-options-trading, 2009). Risk must be considered when investing in options. â€Å"The vast majority of works on option pricing operate on the assumption of risk neutral valuation† (Ben-Meir, Schiff,

Manifest Destiny and the Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manifest Destiny and the Civil War - Essay Example By 1787, slavery was recognized in the Constitution (General History of the United Sates Supreme Court, accessed 2011). Slavery was not regulated within States through Congress. Until 1808, only the movement of slaves into States, or between States up to that date, was taxed and hence regulated (US Constitution: Art. I Sec. 9 Para.1). Slavery was, then, accepted as a fact which existed within States, and the federal Government restricted its involvement in the affairs of individual States. States made their own decisions about whether they were â€Å"Free States†, or whether they would allow slavery, and Congress respected those decisions. This meant that as the United States expanded, new States were declared, and in fact could make their own decisions about whether slavery was to be allowed or not. In 1819, Missouri appealed to be included in the Confederation as a slave-owning State. This appeal was met by much resistance from the Northern States – in which Abolition ism was dominant – and the Midwestern States – where economies without slave labor would struggle against the slave-owning State economies. But Missouri entered the Confederation as a slave-owning State in 1819.

The impact of culture on economic behaviour

The impact of culture on economic behaviour Most modern neoclassical economists have ignored the important role played by culture in explaining fluctuations in economic behaviour, hence, they were more concerned about economic variable such prices, output, interest rate etc. However, culture (values, norms, believes and religions) have a profound influence on economic behaviour (Hogeland 2003:2). In contrast those interested in the matter, consider that culture explain differences in economic outcomes however, they face challenges of finding a credible technique to show that the influence of culture can be separated from institutions and economic variables (Tabellini 2007). In the recent two decades economists became seriously concerned about the effects of culture on economic behaviour and found that culture (religious beliefs, values and preferences) has a significant positive relationship to economic growth. However, the economists find it difficult to explain because they are mainly concerned about economic measurements and because of the broad complexity of culture that makes it difficult to measure and test. Therefore, to overcome the situation variables that include normative values (beliefs, religious, ethnicity, etc) were included in the model as proxy variables. The results suggest that causality between culture and economics is likely to go two way directions, that is, culture may influence economic behaviour and economic behaviour may also affect the culture (Qin, Shuhao, Heerink, Futian 2008). In common sense or stylized facts also suggest that culture indeed influence economics behaviour. Thus, government policy toward economic growth may be successful or a failure in different geographical areas dues due individual behaviours influenced by cultural backgrounds. Therefore, if we can not test the role of culture in economics we cannot assure its implications on economic behaviour (Greif 1994). However, in recent years better techniques have been put in place to identify systematic differences in individual values, beliefs and preferences. These new techniques are now able to measure and test the influence of culture on economics behaviour. This paper examines the effects of culture on economic behaviour by using proxy variables of culture such as trust, respect, self determination and religious beliefs. The paper will try to answer the question does culture influence economic behaviour? To answering this question the paper will provide some theoretical back ground including: definitions of terms in section two, section three discuss empirical evidence, relationship between culture and institutions etc. Definition of terms The definition of culture is very broad and complex. However, according to Tabellini (2007) culture is defined as individual values and convictions about the scope of application of norms of good conduct, is an important channel through which distant political history influences the functioning of current institutions. Similarly, Qin, Shuhao, Heerink, and Futian (2008) define culture as customary beliefs and values that ethnic, religious, and social groups transmit fairly unchanged from generation to generation. In other words, culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviour, and artefacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning. However, culture that is inherited by an individual from previous generations rather than voluntarily accumulated, such as religion and ethnic background, can largely be treated as exogenous for that individuals life. A Religion is defined by Nath (2007) as a set of common beliefs and practices generally held by a group of people, often codified as prayer, ritual, and religious law. Religion also encompasses ancestral worshiping or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and mystic experience. However in this paper culture will be referred as the customary beliefs and values that ethnic, religious, and social groups transmit fairly unchanged from generation to generation. Historical Perspectives on Economics and Culture The debate on culture as influencing economic behaviour started with the classical economist such as Adam Smith and John Mill who used culture to explaining economic phenomena. The former in the Theory of Moral Sentiment advocated that culture is an important factor in explaining the Wealth of Nations and the later regarded cultural behaviour as more important than the pursuit of personal interest. In contrast Karl Marx advocated that the technology changes determine the kind of structure dominant in the culture. That is the hand mill produces feudal society and steam mill produces capitalism (Marx 1859). Moreover, Weber (1905) regarded religions as a key factor for economic development. He defended that protestant religious taught that the creation of wealth should be regarded as a duty. Weber also recognized that culture plays an important role in influencing in pursuing wealth through production and establishment of markets. Other researchers non economists such as Hirschman (1967) also found a link between culture and economics, and culture causes differences in economic output within and across countries. Banfield (1958) suggests that culture is reason for underdevelopment in Southern Italy, that is, the pursuit of narrow self interest by the population contributes to underdevelopment of the region. Consequently the Italian government imposed identical forms of governance within the country, however, the areas with poor government intervention continued to perform poorly. In the late 1990s and early 2000s neoclassical economist went beyond the formal institutions into informal ones and started considering explicitly culture as a key factor to explaining economic phenomena. Therefore, Fukuyama (1996), Landes (1998) and Guiso, Sapienza Zingales (2006) emphasized the link between culture and economic outcomes. In their studied they found that cultural factors such as honesty, trust, tenacity and tolerance drive to success of countries economies. Empirical evidence Studies conducted by Guiso, Sapienza Zingales (2005) found that beliefs and religious are highly correlated to trust, thus, when it is associated with savings, taxation or trade it turnout to impact positively the economic outputs. Similarly, Tabellini (2007) studied the effects of culture on economic development in Europe and found that religious values and beliefs have a significant impact on economic success. Weber advocated that culture have a significant influence on economic performance. He further argued that protestant religious contributes greatly to the capitalist accumulation. Likewise, Landes (1998) and Putnam (2000) found that culture (beliefs and values) explain the differences in economic performance across countries. However the later put more emphases in the role played by social capital (trust) in stimulating trade and government efficiency. Carroll, Rhee, and Rhee (1994), studied the effects of emigrant culture on savings in Canada and fund that culture affects savings behaviour. Barro Mc Cleary (2003), Tabelline (2009) studied the effects of culture on economic growth. The former stressed more on the degree of religiosity by capturing the church attendance and religious beliefs in hell and heaven, they found that the magnitude of church attendance and the degree of religious beliefs explain significantly the differences in growth performance across countries. Thus, the religious belief matter to explaining growth. The later, emphasised on the degree of trust across European countries and found that regional variation on trust explain differences in growth rate. Algan Cahuc (2007) demonstrated that cultural behaviour toward families has an impact on employment patterns of different regions in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. They also show that civic culture and ethnicity has an influence on the structure of the labour market institutions including employment benefits and protection. Relationship between culture and economics behaviour In general most of the studies done on culture and economics found a relationship between culture and economics, however, they confronts with the problem of causality since it is likely to go in both directions. According to Becker (1996:16) Individuals have less control over their culture than over other social capital. They cannot alter their ethnicity, race or family history, and only with difficulty can they change their country or religion. Because of the difficulty of changing culture and its low depreciation rate, culture is largely a given to individuals throughout their lifetimes. likewise, religious practices respond slowly to economic conditions (Botticini Eckstein 2005). Culture affects economic behaviour in different ways, however, this paper will focus on production, institutions. Culture and Production Norms and values of groups or individuals varies significantly not only within or across cultures but also within regions, industries or sectors, that is, countries can be more open to trade or be more flexible in decision making than others, and can also allow external influence. Firms may have more or less hierarchical structure than others, for example the British economy had a decline in the growth rate in 20th century due to the fact that the middle an upper class values did not consider practical education and technological innovation (Fernà ¡ndez 2006). In Latin America, the population was characterised as having the culture of poverty, thus, the poverty was not a result of structural economic problems but caused by social beliefs that dominated the groups, they would prefer not to engage into economic activities (Barro Mc Cleary (2003). Similar cases occur in some areas Mozambique where although the population grow and hundreds of cows and goats they would prefer not to eat or even sell due to cultural beliefs. Other studies focussed on studying how culture of elite are as compared to poor and found that some elites would prefer leisure to investment thus, impacting economic outcomes. Culture and Institutions Studied found that social capital or culture affect the way institutions in different countries are set and managed that is institutions are dependent on the problem faced by each societal groups including cultural beliefs and preferences, individualists or collectivists (Greif 1994) . For example in post war Japan and Korea engaged into industrial policy to encourage economic growth whereas adopted economic planning bureaucracy, however this kind of institutions are not inclusive to the entire populations and is vulnerable to promote rent seeking. Similarly, institutions set in Latin America and Africa were also not effective compared to the North America counterparts. However, empirical results suggest that causality effect is likely to go in both directions. That is culture affects institutions and institutions also affects the evolution of the culture (Fernà ¡ndez, 2006). Conceptual Link of Culture to Growth Performance Hypothesis 0: Culture impacts on economic behaviour of societies with high degrees of trust, respect, and self-determination. Hypothesis 1: Culture has no impact on economic behaviour of societies with low degrees of trust, respect, and self-determination. The above definite of culture (section 3) helps in understanding how would culture affect economic outcomes. According to Porter (2000:14) economic culture are the beliefs, attitudes, and values that bear on economic activities of individuals, organizations, and other institutions. Therefore, the variables that compose the culture (trust, respect, self determination and religion) can constrain the economic behaviour and function as rules governing the interaction between individuals, employment, market operations. Trust Trust influences economic performance in different ways. According to Boettke (2009: 437), Knack Zak, (2001), trust affects economic outcomes through decrease in transaction cost, thus when an individual is trustworthy he reduces the monitoring cost and secures property rights. Moreover, high degrees of trust are consistent with high economic performance and development. In contrast lower degrees of trust would result in lesser trading networks and small market operations caused by the increased monitoring and transaction costs. For example trust is mostly relevant when the transaction involves unknown counterparts (Fukuyama 1996, Francois Zabojnik 2005). Using data on relative trust within the European countries Guiso, Sapienza Zingales (2006) studied the effects of trust for bilateral trust among the European counties and found that, countries that trust each other tend to trade more goods and financial assets as well as engage more in direct investment compared to other countries, thus, impacting in the economic performance of the countries. In summary, under circumstances of good environment (trustworthiness) individual would dedicate their time in economic activities whereas under poor environment (untrustworthiness) individual engage into unproductive activities due to lack of incentives. Self determination and Respect Self determination is a measure of control over individual determination of their actions. If individual can control their choices, that is, predict success or failure as a result of own actions, then, they will be more innovative, and would invest and work more hard and carefully for greater returns. Therefore, high degrees of innovation combined with high levels of productivity would lead to high growth performance as well as economic growth (Tabellini 2009, Coyne Williamson 2009) Respect, is also an important factor since it measures the morality within individuals and societies. High degrees of respects imply high levels of tolerance and lower level of respect would result in poor interaction within individuals and societies. Therefore, high degrees of tolerances connote acceptable attitudes towards trade partners, thus, boosting and increasing the market and increasing economic performance. In contrast lower tolerance would reduce economic interactions and trade can be hindered (Platteau 2000). Moreover, Coyne Williamson (2009:13) state that in societies with lower levels of social capital, and hence lower levels of respect, the extent of the market will be limited to close kin and friendship networks. Clearly, higher degrees of respect should increases economic outcomes. Religion The impact of religious on economic can me measured by the rate of church attendance and the religious belief about afterlife in hell or heaven. Individual who attend churches at regular bases tend to build better economic attitudes (respect and self determination and trustworthiness), thus impacting positively on economic outcomes. Similarly, those groups who believe in heaven and hell also tend to participate effectively in church services so as to build confidence on heaven, thus influencing positively economics outcomes through trust, respect and self determination (Barro and Mitchell 2004). Weber in his study on the rise of the capitalism found that the industrial capitalism developed rapidly in the protestant Europe and North America. He also fund that Hinduism and Buddhism were promoting asceticism, thus, hindering technical innovation and impeding adaptation of foreign innovation, therefore not promoting economic growth and development of these groups. Similarly, Williamson (2009) asserts, that the failure of India to achieve a successful development rate was due to laws of Hinduism that do not allow individual motivation and commitment to perform secular roles. However, there were some Hindu who did not abide with the rules of the Hinduism and show an inclination to economic activities. These minorities are the ones who boosted the modern Muslim in Indonesia. Moreover, religion also affects economic behaviour through, honest, work ethics and openness to people. For most religious hard work is a norm and should be done diligently. Additionally, work helps people to stay away from immorality, unproductive activities so that they maximize their time in economic activities. Being unproductive is connoted to evils. That is religion increases economic growth through promotion of positive attitudes towards, trust honest and self determination, and reduction of corruption and criminality (Guiso et al. 2003). Religions may also impact negatively on economic behaviour through restriction on credit markets, profit, resources accumulation, as well as interest. Some religious may allocated massive time and resources on church activities including the construction of cathedrals, thus, deviating resources from economic activities (McCleary 2008). Similarly Beed and Beed (1999) argue that some fundamental Christian and Islamic terrorists promote violent and intolerant behaviour and civil unrest among Christians and non Christians, which impact negatively on the values and norms of secular economics. Conclusion This paper attempts to answer the question does culture influence economic behaviour? The paper found that yes Culture affects significantly the economic behaviour. Cultural behaviour also shapes the structure of institutions in a country. Culture affects positively economic performance through trust, respect, self determination religious and institutions. However, it faces problems of causality, thus it is likely to go in both directions from culture to economics and from economics to culture. Trust affects economic behaviour through decrease in transaction cost, thus when an individual is trustworthy he reduces the monitoring cost and secures property rights. Moreover, high degrees of trust are consistent with high economic performance and development. In contrast lower degrees of trust would result in lesser trading networks and small market operations caused by the increased monitoring and transaction costs. Self determination promotes innovation, investment and hard work and diligence for greater returns. Therefore, high degrees of innovation combined with high levels of productivity would lead to high growth performance as well as economic growth. Moreover, high degrees of respects imply high levels of tolerance and lower level of respect would result in poor interaction within individuals and societies. Therefore, high degrees of tolerances connote acceptable attitudes towards trade partners, thus, boosting and increasing the market and economic performance. Religious beliefs also have a causal relationship with economic behaviour. It promotes economic growth through teaching of positive attitudes towards productive activities including hard work, trust, respect and self determination and absenteeism from unproductive activities. For example Barro and McCleary found that religious beliefs are important factors to explaining economic behaviour and to a certain extent why some nations develop than others. For example Protestantism in Europe and North American has boosted economic growth in these regions through promotion of capitalism. In contrast other studied found a negative effect of religion on economic. Thus, Beed and Beed found that Hinduism and Islam hindered growth and development of South Asia through promotion of violent behaviour.

The Yom Kippur War Essay -- Israel

Israeli preparation for war with Syria was less extensive than the Egyptian preparations, because the border was smaller (Approximately 80 miles vs. 40 miles) in comparison to the Egyptian-Israeli border. (See Figure 2. Israel - Syria Border). Israel built fortified Jewish settlements in the Golan. Anticipating Syriawould attack with armor, Israel made obstacles, tank traps, and minefields. Reinforced bunkers and tank placements were created. The battlefield plan was laid out with interlocking fields of fire to halt any Syrian advance. Israel had made peace with Jordan so there was no perceived need to fortify the Israel-Jordan border. Egyptian troop and installation preparations during the War of Attrition were in direct contrast to Israel’s Bar-Lev Line. Egypt did not anticipate a large scale attack across the Suez Canal so there was no need for the equivalent of a Bar-Lev Line on the west side of the Suez Canal. They did have mobile forces of armor, artillery, and infantry that harassed the Israelis with probes and artillery barrages. Egypt also practiced surge and retreat of troops along the Suez Canal. These surges were purposefully done to lull Israel into complacency and safety. Disinformation was practiced and journalists often found Arab documents detailing the shortcomings in Arab unity and military readiness. Egypt’s president Anwar Sadat contributed as well. Several times he had threatened military action against Israel and the deadlines passed with no repercussions. All the while, Sadat and his counterpart in Syria, President Hafez al Asad, were committed to military action. Egypt took a ction to address two specific Israeli advantages from the Six Day War, Israeli air superiority and Israeli tank operations. Egypt ... ...y the tactical advantage from 6-8 October and would attack the Golan Heights on three fronts, a northern from, a middle front, and a southern front. One division allocated for each front and a Ranger Battalion to take an Israeli command and control outpost in the high north. An intense barrage of Syrian artillery prepared the assault. Unfortunately for the Syrians, the terrain of the Golan Heights provided limited avenues of approach so Israel had well planned defensive positions. 37 Three divisions proceeded to advance in their corridor encountering stiff resistance from the undermanned, but well prepared defensive Israeli positions. Syrian armor had difficulty negotiating preplaced minefields, tank traps, and obstacles and it was â€Å"target practice†38 for the Israeli defenders and the Syrians suffered heavy losses. Syria still had strength in numbers on its side.

Pursasive Paper on Why College Gap Years Are a Good Thing.

Another reason gap years are a good thing is that is enforces responsibility. When a student wants to undergo a gap year there are a lot of steps and processes that need to be made. Some might say that this might just overwhelm the student anyways, but it will not. It helps the students understand the responsibilities to have this goal of their pursued. Gap years, like stated before, are not just for getting out of school work for a year. By organizing your own gap year you are forced to take ownership and responsibility of your plan.You will have to decide where you are going to go, what exactly you are going to do and how you are going to pay for your trip. You may have to make your own travel plans and living arrangements. You are ultimately responsible for all the details that go into making your gap year dream become a reality. A gap year student, Ashley Jamkins, graduate from University of Arkansas 2011 says, â€Å"When I first discussed gap year with my parents I did not real ize just how much planning and organizing was going to be needed to make this happen.I am thankful though, because it made me an all-around better organized person in all aspects, not just in my schooling. † (Green). College is a child’s first time away from home, where no one is going to tell them to go do the work that needs to be done, planning a gap year and pursuing one definitely helps students get their head around being self-motivated and self-organized to get what they need to get done accomplished.Every parent’s worst nightmare is seeing their son or daughter get kicked out of school because they were lacking in school work and responsibilities. Gap years only help in the following fall for the responsibility students will not only need in college, but the rest of their lives. In conclusion, Students who take a gap year tend to be self-motivated, not afraid of taking a risk, not bound by conventions and open to explore their interests and discover their passions.

Discuss the circumstances under which Satyams fra Essays

Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fra Essays Discuss the circumstances under which Satyam's fraud was exposed. 1, the failure of the acquisition of Maytas Infra and Maytas Properties which are promoted by two sons of satyam's chairman, Ramalinga Raju.These two companies are considered as business companies where they held more than 35%portion stake (significant realted party transcation involved in the acquisition) 2,the investors strongly against this acquisition , share price fell off by 30% Media and investors started raising doubts over the corporate governance practices at Satyam - considering a share buyback 3,World Bank suspended Satyam for eight years from doing any business with itself (offering brides to obtain lucrative contracts) 4,an independent director resigned (not opposing to the acquisition) 5, Infrastucture Leasing and Financial Services Trust sold 4.41 million shares which results in the decrease in the raju and his family stake in Satyam 6, market capitalization eroded by 40 % 7,former senior executive in Satyam sent out an anonymous email to board members and then forward ( include details about financial irregularities and fraud at Satyam. What do you think were the reasons for the fraud? Could this fraud have been prevented? 1, Low profit margin (3%) and increasing competitionoverstate profits to maintain the share price level which can make sure Satyam was not subjected to a hostile takeover. 2, raju could first think that a minor adjustment could be in the general interest of everyone concerned (cover up bad performance and become unmanagemeable with company expands) 3,Experts refuse to believe that the operating profit of Satyam could be as low as 3%. This leads to speculation that some of the money could have been siphoned off. 2. Critically evaluate the corporate governance mechanisms adopted at Satyam. Did they help to prevent fraud? First - internal audit (team headed by CFO ( financial gap in actual and stated profits was known to senior officials including the chief operating officer and the CFO Second- external audit (Pwc) - higher audit fee twice as peers exists bride to hide accounting irregulations( improper verification of cash and bank balances) Third the board has the audit committee headed by an independent board member 3. What lessons are learned from the Satyam case? 1. Investigate All Inaccuracies The fraud scheme at Satyam started small. Sound familiar? A lot of fraud schemes start out small, with the perpetrator thinking that small changes here and there won't make a big difference - and are less likely to be detected. This sends a message to a lot of companies: if your accounts aren't balancing or if something seems inaccurate, even just a tiny bit, it's worth investigating. Break down tasks so that there are checks in each area. Dividing responsibilities across a team of people makes it easier to detect irregularities or misappropriated funds. 2. Ruined Reputations Fraud doesn't just look bad on a company, it looks bad on the whole industry. According to a Reuters article, Accounting Scandal at Satyam Could be India's Enron : "India's biggest corporate scandal in memory threatens future foreign investment flows into Asia's third-largest economy and casts a cloud over growth in its once-booming outsourcing sector. The news sent Indian equity markets into a tailspin, with Bombay's main benchmark index tumbling 7.3% and the Indian rupee fell." The Satyam scandal subjected even the company's Indian rivals to greater scrutiny by regulators, investors and the public. 3. Corporate Governance Needs to be Stronger The Satyam case is just another example supporting the need for stronger corporate governance. Companies mustbe carefulwhen selecting executives and top level managers. These are the people who set the tone for the company - if there's corruption at the top, it's bound to trickle down. Separate the role of CEO and Chairman of the Board. When the same person takes on both roles, who's left to check up on the CEO? Splitting up the roles helps avoid situations like the one at Satyam. Auditing firms, likePricewaterhouse Coopersalso need to be brought under the regulatory umbrella. Without monitoring, it will be difficult to tell if the auditor and the company are working together to tamper with the accounts.

Free Essays on Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt Although she won much respect as the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt gained a lot of her international esteem as a civil rights activist long before that. Eleanor’s interest in politics did not begin when her husband began his career in politics. Once he was named to the Democratic ticket, as Vice President Eleanor became interested in politics. While Franklin was becoming governor of New York she was campaigning for him unknowing that she was advancing her political career as well. Once Eleanor became first lady it was already done she had made a name for herself politically. Eleanor’s background in politics goes back to her Uncle Teddy who was once the President of the U.S. Eleanor married a young amiable Harvard student by the name of Franklin Roosevelt. But soon Franklin became bored with Business Law and Eleanor pushed him to go into politics. Aided by a Democratic landslide and his mom’s money he won State Senator from the Hyde Park District. But Eleanor hated Albany and was soon very happy to leave. Franklin liked his newfound success in politics and his career prospered swiftly. He soon became an early backer of Woodrow Wilson as he ran for president, for his efforts he was awarded the job of Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the same job that propelled Eleanor’s Uncle Teddy to presidency. Eleanor liked Washington about as much as she liked Albany and spent little time there. In the years after that Franklin contacted polio and it was now up to Eleanor to keep his name before the public. Aided by Louis Howe she went on a mission to salvage her husband’s career. Louis went to meetings that she spoke at and though it took much criticism he managed to get rid of her nervous giggle. Soon Eleanor gained confidence and accepted offers to write in magazines and appear on radio talk shows. She had joined many groups including the Women’s Trade Union League and was also the chair of ... Free Essays on Eleanor Roosevelt Free Essays on Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt Although she won much respect as the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt gained a lot of her international esteem as a civil rights activist long before that. Eleanor’s interest in politics did not begin when her husband began his career in politics. Once he was named to the Democratic ticket, as Vice President Eleanor became interested in politics. While Franklin was becoming governor of New York she was campaigning for him unknowing that she was advancing her political career as well. Once Eleanor became first lady it was already done she had made a name for herself politically. Eleanor’s background in politics goes back to her Uncle Teddy who was once the President of the U.S. Eleanor married a young amiable Harvard student by the name of Franklin Roosevelt. But soon Franklin became bored with Business Law and Eleanor pushed him to go into politics. Aided by a Democratic landslide and his mom’s money he won State Senator from the Hyde Park District. But Eleanor hated Albany and was soon very happy to leave. Franklin liked his newfound success in politics and his career prospered swiftly. He soon became an early backer of Woodrow Wilson as he ran for president, for his efforts he was awarded the job of Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the same job that propelled Eleanor’s Uncle Teddy to presidency. Eleanor liked Washington about as much as she liked Albany and spent little time there. In the years after that Franklin contacted polio and it was now up to Eleanor to keep his name before the public. Aided by Louis Howe she went on a mission to salvage her husband’s career. Louis went to meetings that she spoke at and though it took much criticism he managed to get rid of her nervous giggle. Soon Eleanor gained confidence and accepted offers to write in magazines and appear on radio talk shows. She had joined many groups including the Women’s Trade Union League and was also the chair of ...

Is Policy Modeling an Art or a Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is Policy Modeling an Art or a Science - Essay Example According to Clausewitz and Graham Scientific discoveries came from Art therefore, there is no Science without the mixture of Art (2008 pg. 82). Policy modeling can either be an art or science. Policy Modeling according to Estrada is an experimental research work supported by use of different qualitative models techniques and hypothesis to assess the cause of the past policy implications and the effect of the same to the society globally in the future (2010). The policy modeling can be further classified into several categories; communications, infrastructure and transportation policy modeling; energy; the domestic and international trade policy modeling; miscellaneous policy modeling; environmental and natural resources management policy modeling; fiscal and government spending policy modeling; labor, employment and population policy modeling; institutional, regulation and negotiation policy modeling; production and consumption policy modeling; monetary, banking and investment polic y modeling; welfare and social policy modeling; technological and R&D policy modeling; economic growth and development policy modeling. It is complex to understand the socio-economic of world’s environment, for example, the different behavior of subsystems, sectors, and regions within different time zones.

Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Article Example Science and technology are our greatest assets, and we must continue to help those students progress in their fields. The changes that Kerr proposes begins with a greater dependency on tuition. If students are serious about their degrees, and if they are entering higher-paying professions, they should be able to take on a higher tuition. This may seem like a negative to attending a research college, but it will also provide students with more learning opportunities while in school. Another proposition is that the government should be more concerned in the welfare of these students, especially since the students will be playing a large role in the economy. The public should also become concerned with the success of these students, and should help by providing facilities for learning, such as hospitals. Kerr believes that since these students will be helping society and the government with their education, then society and the government should be willing to help them in return by allowing them to receive this education. In â€Å"Magnet Schools and the Pursuit of Racial Balance,† Ellen Goldring and Claire Smrekar look to a different style of schooling, one that takes into consideration the importance of racial diversity. Magnet schools were originally designed in 1960 to offer students both educational opportunities that they would not find in traditional schools and unique experiences in racially segregated environments. However, the number of magnet schools have drastically risen since then, starting with an impressive spike that was seen in 1975, but many began to take different approaches to their teaching methods or what they offered. Even though segregation has stopped being a pressing issue, parents and teachers alike are still concerned that magnet schools uphold this one important aspect. A study was done among magnet schools in St. Louis